There are many different types of birth control methods available in the United States. Below, is a brief discussion of the benefits and side effects of several popular forms of contraception. This is not intended to replace medical advice; ask your doctor what might be right for you.

‘The Pill’

One of the most popular forms of birth control is oral contraceptives, commonly referred to as ‘the Pill.’

The birth control pill is taken daily, and usually comes in packs containing 28 pills. They protect a woman from pregnancy seven days from the day she takes the first pill.

There are many varieties of this product, each with different levels and combinations of hormones, which means that a patient will probably be able to find one that works well for her. The Pill prevents pregnancy by releasing hormones that prevent the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries (ovulation), thus preventing fertilization. The Pill also forms a thick mucus barrier at the cervix–the entry to the uterus—which prevents sperm from entering the womb. If the first two scenarios fail, oral-contraceptive hormones also make the uterus slightly hostile to a fertilized egg, which prevents it from attaching to the uterine wall. With a success rate of over 99%, oral contraceptives correctly used are the most effective form of birth control available except for surgical sterilization.

The Pill also regulates menstrual periods, generally making them lighter and shorter, and in most patients dramatically reduces cramping pain.

Certain brands of the pill have also been used to improve facial complexions.

The Pill allows more spontaneous sexual encounters than condoms, but requires the user to remember to take it every day, preferably at the same time each day.

Patients may experience a small amount of weight gain. Serious side effects are rare, but can include an increased risk of heart problems, strokes, or blood clots, especially in smokers and in women over 35. With long-term use, there has been some evidence of a link to an increased risk in breast and cervical cancers, but the studies have been controversial and conflicting. (Conversely, the Pill is known to cut the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers by half.) One important shortcoming is that the Pill does not guard against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),including HIV/AIDS, so patients who use the Pill should also use condoms if they are not in a monogamous relationship.