Periodontitis, or periodontal disease, is advanced gum disease.

Inflammation of the gums in early stages, or gingivitis, occurs as bacterial plaque collects at the gums around the teeth. Gradually the gums become red, puffy, and bleed easily.

The bacteria produce toxins that cause inflammation. As this process continues, the gums pull away from the teeth and form deep pockets. Bacteria which becomes trapped in these pockets cause infections below the gum line. Initially, these infections may be painless, despite the presence of pus. Later on, the gums and teeth become sensitive to pressure and temperature. Bone damage eventually results in loosening and loss of teeth. Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.

At least 36 million Americans, most over the age of 35, have periodontal disease.

Not only can it result in the loss of teeth, it has also been linked to heart disease and heart attacks. Once bacteria from the mouth enter the bloodstream, it is thought that they attach to plaques that damage the arteries and promote the formation of clots. Blood flow becomes impeded, leading to impaired heart function and heart attacks.

Periodontal diseases can occur in younger people with diabetes, malnutrition, HIV, other immunosuppressive conditions, and other systemic diseases.

Other factors that contribute to periodontal disease:

• Poor dental hygiene – frequent brushing and flossing are the most important preventive measures of all
• Genetics: Chinese people are more likely than those of European ancestry to develop symptoms, for reasons unknown           
• Poor nutrition, such as low intake of calcium and vitamin C            
• Smokers are at increased risk; tobacco use may be one of the biggest risk factors of all  
• Hormonal changes, such as in pregnancy           
• Stress – this lessens the body’s ability to fight off infections
• Drugs such as birth control pills and antidepressants            
• Clenching or grinding your teeth, which puts excess forth on gums