What is Cancer?

Over 100 diseases make-up the complex group called Cancer. The common link among them is uncontrolled cell division and the ability of these cells to spread to other tissues. This is done by the cells migrating to other sites in the body, known by the medical term metastasis, or simply growing into adjacent tissue, known as an invasion.

Caused by DNA damage, the unregulated growth of these cells brings about mutations to vital genes that control several functions, including cell division. These mutations, which can be inherited or acquired, can lead to the formation of a tumor, an abnormal mass of tissue. Not all tumors are malignant (cancerous), upon biopsy many turn out to be benign (not cancerous). Benign tumors are unable to metastasize or invade.

Most cancers can be treated and many can be cured. Much depends on how early the cancer is diagnosed and treatments started. If untreated, most cancers eventually end in death.

What is a Cervix?

The cervix is the lower end of the uterus through which the cervical canal passes, allowing sperm to pass from the vagina into the uterus, and the menstrual flow and the fetus to pass from the uterus into the vagina.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Usually patients with dysplasia (abnormal cells, not yet cancerous) or carcinoma in situ do not experience any symptoms, making screening tests of vital importance. When the cancer becomes invasive, there may be abnormal bleeding, bleeding after menopause, longer/heavier periods, increased vaginal discharge, discolored vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, or pelvic pain. Because any or all of these symptoms could also be evidence of a sexually transmitted disease; it is important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment of any problem.