Muscular dystrophy consists of several groups of inherited diseases that cause progressive weakening in the muscles that control movement. In addition to muscle weakness, muscular dystrophy causes deterioration of muscle cells and a defect in the muscles ability to produce protein. Serious forms of this disease affect the muscles surrounding the heart and other vital life organs. Muscular dystrophy can affect people at any time during their life. The number of infants and older adults diagnosed with this disease are comparable.

There are eleven types of muscular dystrophy; six will be discussed. Each type produces weakening of muscles. However, physicians categorize the different diseases based on rate of progression and patient’s age at the time of diagnosis. Although these diseases occur in both sexes, some types are more prone to affect males. Moreover, the rate and severity of progression varies. Some patients are able to lead a relatively normal and active life. On the other hand, some experience a rapid decline in health. In some cases, those diagnosed with muscular dystrophy during infancy suffer premature death before the age of 30. Fortunately, due to medical advancement, adults and children diagnosed with muscular dystrophy are living longer.

What causes Muscular Dystrophy?

Muscular dystrophy, which affects approximately 50,000 Americans, is caused by a gene mutation in the muscles. Men have two chromosomes, one X and one Y. Women also have two chromosomes, both being X. Most forms of muscular dystrophy occur when a mother passes a defected X chromosome to her son. Hence, males are more susceptible to muscular dystrophy. In order for a women to be affected with this disease, she must have two defected X chromosomes. However, this rarely occurs.