It is estimated that 25,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer annually. Because the symptoms of ovarian cancer are extremely vague and closely mimic those of less serious conditions, most women do not seek medical attention until the cancer has spread, which decreases their chances of winning the battle against ovarian cancer.

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is cancer that begins in one or both ovaries. Our organs include cells, which are intended to fight infections and keep us healthy. Occasionally, cells divide abnormally and begin attacking healthy cells. These abnormal cells are cancerous. Cancerous cells may develop in the ovaries. If left untreated, the cancer could spread to nearby organs and tissues such as the stomach, uterus, and cervix.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is rarely diagnosed in the early stages. In fact, approximately 75% of women do not experience symptoms until the cancer has advanced. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal cramping
• Pelvic pain
• Continual bloating
• Low energy
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Vaginal bleeding
• Nausea
• Painful intercourse

Risk Factors

The reason behind some women developing ovarian cancer is unknown. However, doctors and researchers have concluded that certain factors increase a women’s risk. These include:

• Family history of ovarian cancer
• Postmenopausal
• Never having children
• Early onset of menstrual cycle (before the age of 12)
• Taking estrogen hormone therapy
• History of breast cancer

Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is diagnosed through two procedures, a pap smear and pelvic exam. During these examines, doctors are generally able to detect any abnormalities such as masses or small tumors on the ovaries. If tumors are found, the patient will have to undergo an ultrasound, which is an imaging test, to determine whether tumors are cancerous or benign. In the case of cancer, treatment begins immediately.

Treatment Options

There are three major treatment options for treating cancer. The treatment a patient receives depends on the type of cancer, and the severity of the cancer. In the case of ovarian cancer, patients will likely begin with radiation therapy to shrink tumors and kill cancerous cells. If tumors are small, surgery is very effective with removing the tumor. In addition, patients may undergo chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells, and prevent the growth of new cells. Patients may also undergo a combination of therapies.