Luna 16 was launched on September 12th, 1970, landed on the lunar
surface in the Mare Foecunditatis (the Sea
of Fertility) on September 20th,
and returned to Earth on September 24th. While on the Moon, the
probe collected 101 grams of lunar soil by use of a drilling device, which it
returned to Earth. A portion of the probe remained behind to measure
temperature and radiation.
Zond 8
Zond 8 was launched on October 20th, 1970, flew past the Moon on
October 24th, and returned to Earth on October 27th. While looping around the Moon, the probe obtained
numerous photographs as well as scientific measurements.
Luna 17
Luna 17 launched on November
10th, 1970, and touched down on the lunar surface in the
Sea of Rains.
Luna 17 was a rover vehicle and traversed the lunar surface for nearly a year,
taking pictures and conducting soil analysis.
Apollo 14
Apollo 14 was launched on January 31st, 1971, landed on the Moon in the
Frau Mauro highlands on February 5th, and returned to Earth on
February 9th. Her crew consisted of Alan Shepherd, mission
commander, Stuart Roosa, command module pilot, and Edgar Mitchell, lunar module
pilot. The command and service module was named Kitty Hawk,
the lunar module was called Antares. During the thirty five hours spent on the
lunar surface, Shepherd and Mitchell preformed two EVA, totally nine hours of
operation. They took soil and rock samples from thirteen locations, deployed or
conducted ten experiments, and took numerous photographs. The climax of the
mission occurred when Shepherd hit a golf ball on the lunar surface with an
improvised club.