Drive Train

A car’s drive train is another important factor in choosing a classic or used car. When test driving the car, listen for grinding or whining noises coming from the transmission. Ensure that automatic transmissions shift properly and at the right moment. With a standard transmission, the best way to check for a worn or slipping clutch is to attempt to accelerate in fifth gear at about 2000 RPM; if the engine accelerates quickly but the speed of the car is unaffected, the clutch plate will need to be replaced, which can be a major undertaking. Also, be sure that the clutch pedal feels as though it is adjusted correctly. In rear wheel drive cars, a worn differential (located in the rear of the car) will make clunking or grinding sounds in a right- or left-hand turn, and worn U joints (located in the middle and the rear of the car) will clunk or vibrate when under load, such as when you take your foot off the accelerator and allow the engine drag to slow the car; in front wheel drive cars, worn CV joints (located in the front of a car) will make clunking or grinding sounds. It is a good idea to ask when the transmission was last serviced; generally, automatic transmissions should have the fluid and filter replaced at least once a year, and manual transmissions should have the oil changed at least every two years.

Braking System

One of the next biggest areas of regular maintenance is the braking system. Front brakes will need to be replaced much more frequently than rear brakes. Most cars have disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear, since the front brakes handle approximately 75% of the force it takes to slow or stop the car. However, many newer cars have disc brakes on all four wheels, just as some older cars have drum brakes on all four wheels.

When inspecting the brakes, look for abnormal wear, such as deep or jagged grooves in the disc or drum surface, or pads/shoes that are unevenly worn on each side. Also, check the hydraulic lines for evidence of leaks. It may be helpful to ask the seller for records of break maintenance.