The first important rule of thumb is not to do something you wouldn’t do at home. For example, especially as a woman, I’d never walk home alone after ten o’clock at night in my hometown – I’ve read about attacks and incidents in my local papers, and don’t want to become a victim. But when I’m traveling, I don’t know how safe or unsafe the local area is, and sometimes if a place “looks” safe, I feel tempted to be out after dark. Then I remember my rule: if I wouldn’t do this at home, I shouldn’t do it in a new, strange city, where I have no idea what could happen to me. You should also make yourself aware of any known danger spots – particularly in very large cities. A good guidebook will usually point out any areas known to be risky and advise you when and why to stay away from them.
Another common but sometimes risky behavior is to hitchhike, or even just to take short lifts from strangers. Some people like to travel this way, but if you choose to hitchhike, do be aware of the possible dangers. In the same vein, be aware of unofficial taxis that could either charge you too much or turn out to be dangerous – it’s surprising how often this happens. Check for an identity badge or some other official accreditation when you approach a taxi, or even ask to see some ID.
When you’re walking around or traveling on buses or trains, be aware of what’s happening around you and don’t take the risk of leaving your bag or backpack open or unattended. It’s also a good idea to avoid bags which hang over just one shoulder, especially with a long strap – it’s all too easy for someone to cut the strap and take off with your bag before you’ve realised what’s going on. Remember, also, that thieves in crowded places are also able to do things like cut open your backpack and take your belongings without you noticing – in such situations, always carry your backpack on the front of your body. In riskier places, I also like to use small padlocks on my backpack, even during the day when I’m walking around with it – it doesn’t take me much time to open the locks, but it means a thief is more likely to choose an easier target.