Unlike many anxiety disorders, which may seem to have no clear trigger,
or which may be triggered by many different things, specific phobias
are centered on one situation that causes intense panic. Victims suffer
from a debilitating fear of something that poses little or no real
danger, but that produces overwhelming anxiety. The phobia often develops
during childhood or adolescence, and usually continues into adulthood.
Frequently, the phobia seems to have no obvious cause, arising suddenly
and seemingly without any reason. Sufferers usually understand that
their fears are not based in fact and are probably unfounded, but they are
unable to overcome them nonetheless. The terror can be so intense that
even thinking about the source of their fear can cause a panic attack.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive compulsive disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with
certain thoughts and behaviors that the person cannot control. The
obsessions come in many forms. Some people are obsessed with germs or dirt
and wash their hands over and over, sometimes so frequently that their
hands become raw and sore. Other people are consumed by persistent
thoughts of violence, and a fear that they will hurt someone. Others are
obsessed with counting or with certain numbers. They may have to count
every step they take, or they may have to do everything a certain number
of times. And for other people, self-doubt overwhelms them, and they
feel the need to check things repeatedly, such as making sure appliances
are unplugged or doors are locked.
In an effort to ease the anxiety associated with their compulsions,
sufferers develop rituals they perform again and again. However, these
rituals only result in short-lived relief, and the distress soon returns.
Adults with OCD usually know that their obsessions are irrational, but
children frequently are unable to understand this. They may believe
there’s nothing wrong with their actions, and even that their behavior is
perfectly normal and acceptable. Obsessive compulsive disorder can be
an all-consuming and life-altering condition. The various rituals
accompanying it can take up a great deal of the person’s time, interfering
with daily activities and the person’s ability to function. For some
people, the condition is so debilitating that it completely overwhelms
them.