Fungal infections:

A superficial infection caused by fungi (dermatophytes) that invade dead tissue of the skin or nails and hair are ringworm, jock itch and athlete’s foot, which collectively are called tinea. These fungi live on the skin, hair and nails and thrive in moist warm areas. Sources for these fungi are the soil, animals, or another person. The potential for infection is increased with a minor skin irritation or poor hygiene. The lesions are characteristically pink to red with acute flare-ups in warm weather due to moisture. Itching and inflammation are the symptoms. Treatment with an antifungal preparation is effective.

Ringworm occurs on the scalp or skin and is called ringworm because of its characteristic ring or series of rings. It appears as a red, scaly patch and becomes quite itchy. A doctor can easily diagnose ringworm and treat the skin disease. Generally, an antifungal ointment is applied. Preventing ringworm is as simple as avoiding using another’s comb, brush, pillow or hat.

Jock itch is an itching, chafing, or burning rash in the groin or thigh area. This can be treated with an over-the-counter antifungal cream, ointment, or spray. This is applied after washing the area and drying completely. Treatment is for two weeks if symptoms disappear and to prevent a reoccurrence. Prevention of jock itch is to keep the groin area dry particularly after swimming, showering, or sweaty activities.

Athlete’s foot typically affects the areas between the toes. It can spread to the palms of the hand by touching the infected area. The symptoms include itching, burning, cracking, peeling, blistering, redness and stinging. Again, treatment with antifungal ointment is required for a few weeks. Because the fungus loves moist, warm areas, keeping the area of the feet dry is the best prevention. As it is contagious, public showers and pool areas are excellent places to contract the fungus. Wear waterproof sandals or flip-flops in locker rooms and avoid socks that trap moisture. Use socks made from cotton which breathes. Alternate wearing sneakers with wearing other shoes to prevent a build up of moisture and fungus growth.

Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are the common plants that cause a skin rash. The sap is what causes the allergic irritation. Not everyone reacts to the sap. If you do, you will develop a rash by touching poison ivy, oak, sumac or touching the clothes or shoes that have the sap on them. The rash is itchy, red, burns, swells, and blisters. Prevention is to know and recognize the plants and avoid them.

Within 6 hours of contact, remove clothing, wash skin with soap and water, apply rubbing alcohol to parts of skin that had contact, and rinse with water. If a rash does develop, calamine lotion, and bathing in lukewarm water with colloidal oatmeal is helpful. Do not scratch and keep hands away from face and eyes.