Sambo, or Sombo, is a Russian martial art. Initially, the art started out as
training for Russian soldiers (Som-oborona Bes Orusyia—SOMBO—is Russian for
self-defense without weapons). This study included techniques for hand-to-hand
fighting and included throws, takedowns, striking techniques, and weapons.
In 1968, Sambo was recognized by the International Amateur Wrestling
Federation and was classified with Greco-Roman and Freestyle wrestling. Over
the years, Sambo has evolved and now includes many locks, chokes, and grappling
techniques. Its military background makes it a popular choice for military and
law enforcement professionals.
Submission Wrestling/Grappling and Catch-as-Catch-Can Wrestling
In the late 19th century, traveling fighters presented not only a form of
entertainment, but also an opportunity for locals to test their strength and
skill. Bouts with these traveling fighters were decided in a number of ways,
including submitting an opponent and causing him to cry “Uncle!”
But there were problems with these matches. Locals would often become
vicious, even reaching the extreme of eye gauging. Additionally, because money
was bet on the outcome, arguments would ensue over who actually won and if the
referees were calling the matches fairly. In order to protect themselves and
leave no doubt as to who won, the fighters developed holds and stretches which
they called “hooks.” This system eventually came to be known as
Catch-as-Catch-Can Wrestling. (You may see a similarity here with modern-day
“Professional Wrestling.”)
Submission grappling is basically the “melting pot” of ground fighting.
Submission grapplers borrow freely from all ground fighting techniques, and the
influences can be readily seen. From Jujutsu, to Brazilian Jiu-jitsu, Sambo,
Judo, and even Olympic and Collegiate wrestling, submission grappling applies
many of the different techniques and styles out there, making it a viable art
for MMA fighting.
Submission grappling relies heavily on live practice, called “rolling,” to
learn its rules and techniques. Rolling also provides an excellent opportunity
for the student to gain "real world" experience without the inherent
danger. More and more submission grappling tournaments are also beginning to
pop up. Though regulated and refereed, these tournaments offer a great view
into the effectiveness of submission grappling in a street situation.